The basic idea of the air conditioner is to cool the air down, making it more confortable inside a building when the air temperature and humidity increases.
So what is an air conditioner, and how does it work? Well, an air conditioner is basically just a fridge but without the box. An air conditioner uses the process of evaporation to cool the air down, this is mostly acheived using a refrigerant such as Freon.
Here is an explanation of how the air conditioner uses evaporation to cool down the air.
The compressor inside the air conditioner compresses cool Freon gas into high pressure hot Freon gas.
The hot Freon gas is passed through a set of coils, allowing it to cool and condense into a liquid state.
It is then passed through a valve where it then evaporates into low pressure, cold Freon gas.
The cold Freon is passed through another set of coils where it absorbs heat from the air.
Now the Freon gas is passed to the start of the process.